给Ubuntu22.04的根目录扩容的全过程
构建多次镜像后，就把容量占满了，导致一些 Pod 被 Evicted。有的镜像也不太好删，宿主机上却有很多空余的空间，所以可以直接扩容来处理。操作环境：Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTSVMware Fusion 13涉及到的命令：partedfdiskdfpvresize/pvdisplaylv
构建多次镜像后，就把容量占满了，导致一些 Pod 被 Evicted。有的镜像也不太好删，宿主机上却有很多空余的空间，所以可以直接扩容来处理。
操作环境：
- Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
- VMware Fusion 13
涉及到的命令：
- parted
- fdisk
- df
- pvresize/pvdisplay
- lvdisplay/lvextend
- resize2fs
现状
由于之前已经扩成功了，这里只是再做一遍，所以空余的空间还挺大。
为了将根目录扩容到 150G，现在只有 97G。
$ sudo df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 892M 3.1M 889M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 97G 38G 55G 41% /
tmpfs 4.4G 0 4.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 2.0G 247M 1.6G 14% /boot
步骤
扩展物理磁盘容量
关闭虚拟机，然后在虚拟机软件中，为硬盘扩容。调整好容量后，点击应用。
开机，进入虚拟机，查看磁盘大小。
$ sudo fdisk -l
...
Disk /dev/sda: 150 GiB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B314ED9A-5F2F-4EB9-80C8-380D8FBB8F80
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 4198399 4194304 2G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 4198400 209715166 205516767 98G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 98 GiB, 105222504448 bytes, 205512704 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到磁盘以及扩容到 150G 了，但是新增的容量还处于 Free 状态，并未被系统识别并使用起来。
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 314572799) will be corrected by write.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.
Command (m for help): F
Unpartitioned space /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687074304 bytes, 104857567 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Start End Sectors Size
209715200 314572766 104857567 50G
让新增容量追加到对应磁盘设备上
使用 parted 将新增的容量追加到 /dev/sda3 上
sudo parted /dev/sda
unit s
查看空闲空间 p free
(parted) p free
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 314572800s
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
34s 2047s 2014s Free Space
1 2048s 4095s 2048s bios_grub
2 4096s 4198399s 4194304s ext4
3 4198400s 209715166s 205516767s
209715167s 314572766s 104857600s Free Space
将空闲空间追加到 3 分区上 resizepart 3，输入空闲空间的 End 数值，然后再查看空闲空间。
(parted) resizepart 3
End? [209715166s]? 314572766s
(parted) p free
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 314572800s
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
34s 2047s 2014s Free Space
1 2048s 4095s 2048s bios_grub
2 4096s 4198399s 4194304s ext4
3 4198400s 314572766s 310374367s
可以看到 /dev/sda3 以及扩容完毕，按 q 退出 parted。
让LVM识别到新增的磁盘容量
更新LVM中pv物理卷
$ sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
查看LVM中pv状态
$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <148.00 GiB / not usable 16.50 KiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 37887
Free PE 12800
Allocated PE 25087
PV UUID eKN8FR-r6VU-127T-AoNO-tjvm-AYHb-68zSSY
查看LVM逻辑卷状态
$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID 276mRA-dCfi-PKNd-MLKM-4lWp-SFNR-a0hAee
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2022-08-29 21:59:13 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <98.00 GiB
Current LE 25087
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
给LVM逻辑卷扩容
$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <98.00 GiB (25087 extents) to <148.00 GiB (37887 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
刷新逻辑卷
$ sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 13, new_desc_blocks = 19
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 38796288 (4k) blocks long.
查看容量是否变更
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 892M 3.1M 889M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 146G 38G 102G 27% /
tmpfs 4.4G 0 4.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 2.0G 247M 1.6G 14% /boot
